strptime

mktime

Last updated: Fri, 05 Sep 2008

strftime

(PHP 4, PHP 5)

strftime — Formate une date/heure locale avec la configuration locale

Description

string strftime ( string $format [, int $timestamp ] )

Formate une date/heure locale suivant la localisation locale. Les noms des mois, des jours de la semaine mais aussi d'autres chaînes dépendant de la location, respecteront la localisation courante définie par la fonction setlocale().

Tous les caractères modificateurs ne sont pas toujours supportés par toutes les bibliothèques C. Dans ce cas, ils ne seront pas supportés par PHP non plus. De plus, toutes les plates-formes ne supportent pas les timestamps négatifs, et vos dates pourraient être limitées par le début de l'époque Unix. Cela signifie que %e, %T, %R et %D (et peut être d'autres) et les dates antérieures au 1er Janvier 1970 ne fonctionneront pas sous Windows, sur certaines distributions de Linux, et sur certains systèmes d'exploitation. Pour Windows, une liste complète des options de conversion est disponible sur le » site de MSDN.

Liste de paramètres

format

Les caractères suivants sont utilisés pour spécifier le format de la date :

%a - nom abrégé du jour de la semaine (local)
%A - nom complet du jour de la semaine (local)
%b - nom abrégé du mois (local)
%B - nom complet du mois (local)
%c - représentation préférée pour les dates et heures, en local
%C - numéro de siècle (l'année, divisée par 100 et arrondie entre 00 et 99)
%d - jour du mois en numérique (intervalle 01 à 31)
%D - identique à %m/%d/%y
%e - numéro du jour du mois. Les chiffres sont précédés d'un espace (de ' 1' à '31')
%g - identique à %G, sur 2 chiffres
%G - L'année sur 4 chiffres correspondant au numéro de semaine (voir %V). Même format et valeur que %Y, excepté que si le numéro de la semaine appartient à l'année précédente ou suivante, l'année courante sera utilisé à la place
%h - identique à %b
%H - heure de la journée en numérique, et sur 24-heures (intervalle de 00 à 23)
%I - heure de la journée en numérique, et sur 12- heures (intervalle 01 à 12)
%j - jour de l'année, en numérique (intervalle 001 à 366)
%m - mois en numérique (intervalle 1 à 12)
%M - minute en numérique
%n - caractère de nouvelle ligne
%p - soit `am' ou `pm' en fonction de l'heure absolue, ou en fonction des valeurs enregistrées en local
%r - l'heure au format a.m. et p.m
%R - l'heure au format 24h
%S - secondes en numérique
%t - tabulation
%T - l'heure actuelle (égal à %H:%M:%S)
%u - le numéro de jour dans la semaine, de 1 à 7. (1 représente Lundi)
Avertissement
Les systèmes Sun Solaris semblent commencer le Dimanche à 1 malgré le fait que le standard ISO 9889:1999 (actuellement le standard C) spécifie clairement le début de la semaine à Lundi.
%U - numéro de semaine dans l'année, en considérant le premier dimanche de l'année comme le premier jour de la première semaine
%V - le numéro de semaine comme défini dans l'ISO 8601:1988, sous forme décimale, de 01 à 53. La semaine 1 est la première semaine qui a plus de 4 jours dans l'année courante, et dont Lundi est le premier jour. (Utilisez %G ou %g pour les éléments de l'année qui correspondent au numéro de la semaine pour le timestamp donné.)
%W - numéro de semaine dans l'année, en considérant le premier lundi de l'année comme le premier jour de la première semaine
%w - jour de la semaine, numérique, avec Dimanche = 0
%x - format préféré de représentation de la date sans l'heure
%X - format préféré de représentation de l'heure sans la date
%y - l'année, numérique, sur deux chiffres (de 00 à 99)
%Y - l'année, numérique, sur quatre chiffres
%Z ou %z - fuseau horaire, ou nom ou abréviation
%% - un caractère `%' littéral

La longueur maximale de ce paramètre est de 1023 caractères.

timestamp

Le paramètre optionnel timestamp est un timestamp Unix de type entier qui vaut par défaut l'heure courante locale si le paramètre timestamp n'est pas fourni. En d'autres termes, il faut par défaut la valeur de la fonction time().

Valeurs de retour

Retourne une chaîne de caractères formatée suivant le format donné, en utilisant le paramètre timestamp ou la date locale courante si aucun timestamp n'est fourni. Les noms des mois, des jours de la semaine mais aussi d'autres chaînes dépendant de la location, respecteront la localisation courante définie par la fonction setlocale().

Erreurs / Exceptions

Chaque appel à une fonction date/heure générera un message de type E_NOTICE si le fuseau horaire n'est pas valide., et/ou un message de type E_STRICT si vous utilisez la configuration du système ou la variable d'environnement TZ. Voir aussi date_default_timezone_set()

Historique

Version	Description
5.1.0	Émet un message de type `E_STRICT` et `E_NOTICE` lors d'erreurs de fuseaux horaires.

Exemples

Cet exemple ne fonctionnera que si vous avez les locales respectives installées sur votre système.

Exemple #1 Exemple avec strftime()


<?php
setlocale(LC_TIME, "C");
echo strftime("%A");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fi_FI");
echo strftime(" in Finnish is %A,");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fr_FR");
echo strftime(" in French %A and");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "de_DE");
echo strftime(" in German %A.\n");
?>

Exemple #2 Exemple au format de date ISO 8601:1988


<?php
/*     December 2002 / January 2003
ISOWk  M   Tu  W   Thu F   Sa  Su
----- ----------------------------
51     16  17  18  19  20  21  22
52     23  24  25  26  27  28  29
1      30  31   1   2   3   4   5
2       6   7   8   9  10  11  12
3      13  14  15  16  17  18  19   */

// Affiche : 12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2002,2002
echo "12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/28/2002")) . "\n";

// Affiche : 12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2002
echo "12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/30/2002")) . "\n";

// Affiche : 1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2003
echo "1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2003")) . "\n";

// Affiche : 1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 2,2003,2003
echo "1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/10/2003")) . "\n";

/*     December 2004 / January 2005
ISOWk  M   Tu  W   Thu F   Sa  Su
----- ----------------------------
51     13  14  15  16  17  18  19
52     20  21  22  23  24  25  26
53     27  28  29  30  31   1   2
1       3   4   5   6   7   8   9
2      10  11  12  13  14  15  16   */

// Affiche : 12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2004,2004
echo "12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/23/2004")) . "\n";

// Affiche : 12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2004
echo "12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/31/2004")) . "\n";

// Affiche : 1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2005
echo "1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/2/2005")) . "\n";

// Affiche : 1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2005,2005
echo "1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2005")) . "\n";

?>

Notes

Note: %G et %V, qui sont basées sur la semaine ISO 8601:1988, peut conduire à des résultat inattendus (bien que corrects) si le système de numérotation n'est pas connu. Voir l'exemple %V de cette page.

Voir aussi

strptime

mktime

Last updated: Fri, 05 Sep 2008

add a note User Contributed Notes
strftime

buana95 at yahoo dot com
21-Aug-2008 05:51


For windows user:



If you unsuccessfully change date/time format to your locale country using xx_XX format, try using XXX format or ISO-639 country codes format.



See complete list for ISO-639 here: http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm



For example:



<?php

setlocale(LC_ALL, 'IND');

echo strftime("Today in Indonesia is %A");

?>

vincent at vent dot be
18-Aug-2008 01:26


Many of the conversion specifiers don't work with the Win32 implementation. Check this list to see which ones will work:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fe06s4ak(VS.71).aspx

contact_ at _line-o_ dot _de
09-May-2008 10:45


You can get MS locale strings from here now:



http://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/cdax410z.aspx



Search for "country codes" or "region codes", if they move it again!



(see below...)

Josue R.
09-Mar-2008 04:36


Here's a simple version for date formating i use between displaying in HTML and converting back to MYSQL format:





<?php


function format_date($original='', $format="%m/%d/%Y") {


    $format = ($format=='date' ? "%m-%d-%Y" : $format);


    $format = ($format=='datetime' ? "%m-%d-%Y %H:%M:%S" : $format);


    $format = ($format=='mysql-date' ? "%Y-%m-%d" : $format);


    $format = ($format=='mysql-datetime' ? "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" : $format);


    return (!empty($original) ? strftime($format, strtotime($original)) : "" );


}


?>





example (in HTML or webapp):


[grab from database]...


$dbase_stored_date = "2007-03-15";


$display_html_date = format_date($dbase_stored_date);


... displays as "03/15/2007"





example (saving form via on POST/GET):


$update_date = format_date($_POST['display_html_date'], 'mysql-date');


// converts back to '2007-03-15'


.... [your mysql update here]





Don't forget to sanitize your POST/GET's   =)

Anonymous
25-Feb-2008 01:08


%u doesn't work under MS Windows. But getDate()['wday'] works as a perfekt workaround.

Anonymous
23-Feb-2008 08:01


If the second parameter is null, PHP treats it as 0, so strftime return something like 01/01/1970. Be aware of this.

jerome dot place at free dot fr
07-Nov-2007 09:55


Here is a function to convert dates before 1970, very useful if you are still using php 4 (it is supported in php5) :





<?php


# convert a date to special format


# $date is like 2000-01-01 00:00:00 


# $format : refer to strftime function


function convert_date($date,$format) {    


    if($date=='0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR $date=='0000-00-00' OR $date=='' OR $date==NULL) {


        return '';


    }


    else {


        $year=substr($date,0,4);


        if(phpversion() < 5.0 AND $year < 1970) {


            


            $new_date=substr_replace($date,'1980',0,4); # we replace the year by a year after 1970        


            $new_format=eregi_replace('%a|%A|%u','',$format); # we remove days information from the format because they would be wrong


            $new_date=strftime($new_format,strtotime($new_date)); # we convert the date


            $new_date=eregi_replace('1980',$year,$new_date); # we put back the real year


            return $new_date;


        }


        else {


            return strftime($format,strtotime($date));


        }


    }


}


?>

josh dot helzer at gmail dot com
19-Sep-2007 04:39


If strlen($format) >= 1024, the output of strftime($format) is the empty string.

nielsvan den berge at hotmail dot com
31-Aug-2007 03:43


A small function to get the first weekday of the month.

For example the first monday of the month, or the first friday, etc.



<?php  

  /**

   *

   *  Gets the first weekday of that month and year

   *

   *  @param  int   The day of the week (0 = sunday, 1 = monday ... , 6 = saturday)

   *  @param  int   The month (if false use the current month)

   *  @param  int   The year (if false use the current year)

   *

   *  @return int   The timestamp of the first day of that month

   *

   **/  

  function get_first_day($day_number=1, $month=false, $year=false)

  {

    $month  = ($month === false) ? strftime("%m"): $month;

    $year   = ($year === false) ? strftime("%Y"): $year;

    

    $first_day = 1 + ((7+$day_number - strftime("%w", mktime(0,0,0,$month, 1, $year)))%7);

  

    return mktime(0,0,0,$month, $first_day, $year);

  }



// this will output the first wednesday of january 2007 (wed 03-01-2007)

echo strftime("%a %d-%m-%Y", get_first_day(3, 1, 2007)); 

?>

ma
28-Aug-2007 02:58


note, that for some languages you MUST set LC_ALL instead of LC_TIME.



note that you further have to explicitly define your output-encoding (default is ISO-8859-1 [which makes problems for some languages])!



at least i expirienced this behaviour on a german WinXP-PHP4 environment:



<?php



// does not work - gives question marks:

setlocale(LC_TIME, 'RUS'); // ISO Alpha-3 is supported by xp

echo strftime('%A', time());



?>



<?php



// DOES work:

header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8'); // you could also use another charset here if iconv isn't installed on your system.



echo setlocale(LC_ALL, 'RUS').': ';

echo iconv('windows-1251', 'UTF-8', strftime('%A', time()))."\n";



?>

ben dot holland at thirdlight dot com
21-Jun-2007 02:03


This little function allows you to provide a reasonably human readable string and convert to a timestamp - see example in comments below.



I find it far more useful than having to remember all the '%' modifiers. Am also well aware of its failings but it works in a lot of the real life situations I've come across.



<?php

function AmazingStringFromTime($str, $nTimestamp = null)

{

    // This function reads a human readable string representation of dates. e.g.

    // DD MM YYYY => 01 07 1978

    // DDD D MMM YY => Mon 1 Jul 78

    

    $arrPairs = array(

    "DDDD"  => "%A",

    "DDD"   => "%a",

    "DD"    => "%d",

    "D"     => "%e", // has leading space: ' 1', ' 2', etc for single digit days

    "MMMM"  => "%B",

    "MMM"   => "%b",

    "MM"    => "%m",

    "YYYY"  => "%Y",

    "YY"    => "%y",

    "HH"    => "%H",

    "hh"    => "%I",

    "mm"    => "%M",

    "ss"    => "%S",

    );

    

    $str = str_replace(array_keys($arrPairs), array_values($arrPairs), $str);

    return strftime($str, $nTimestamp);

}

?>

th1nk3r at gmail dot DELETETHIS dot com
20-Jan-2007 06:35


Function strftime() use the locales installed in your system (linux). 



If you are like me and only leave in the system the locales you use normally (en_US and your own language locale, like es_ES), you'll only be able to use the locales installed. If your application is translated to other languages, you need these locales too.



The name of the locale in your system is important too. This can be a problem when you want to distribute the app.



If you have this locales in your system:

en_US/ISO-8859-1

en_US.UTF-8/UTF-8

es_ES/ISO-8859-1

es_ES@euro/ISO-8859-15

es_ES.UTF-8/UTF-8

es_ES@euro/UTF-8



and use setlocale('es_ES'), the result will use the iso-8859-1 charset even if you have all your system, files and configuration options in UTF-8. To receive content in UTF-8, in this example, you need to use setlocale('es_ES.UTF-8') or setlocale('es_ES.UTF-8@UTF-8').



The definition of locales can change from one system to another, and so the charset from the results.

denis at spiralsolutions dot com
02-Nov-2006 09:07


(in addition to Andy's post)


To get a RFC 2822 date (used in RSS) of the current local time :





echo strftime ("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z") ;





Note: option %z / %Z - work different on Windows platform, for example


output of this code line can be:


Thu, 02 Nov 2006 09:54:59 Jerusalem Standard Time (on Windows)


Thu, 02 Nov 2006 09:54:59 +0200                   (on Linux)





[red. It is much smarter to use date(DATE_RSS); here]

Moritz Stoltenburg
17-Aug-2006 05:45


In response to the note supplied by "Arpad Borsos":



I think the whole truth is that the output of strftime() considers whatever you stated with setlocale().



<?php



/* Berlin is in Germany */

$locale = setlocale (LC_ALL, 'de_DE.UTF-8');



/* Output: Donnerstag, 23. März 2006 (and hopefully UTF-8 ;) */

echo strftime ("%A, %d. %B %Y", strtotime('2006-03-23'));



/* try different possible locale names for german as of PHP 4.3.0 */

$locale = setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE.UTF-8', 'de_DE.UTF-8@euro', 'de_DE');

echo "Preferred locale for german on this system is '$locale'";



?>



Check the documentation of setlocale() for more.

setlocale (LC_ALL, 'de_DE.UTF-8') always worked fine for me.

Arpad Borsos
17-Aug-2006 01:32


Please note that the strftime output is not encoded in utf8 so you have to use utf8_encode() if you want to print localized month names e.g. for German "März"





[red. this depends on the platform though - some Windows locales *do* use UTF-8 for example]

reeveboy at hotmail dot com
27-Jul-2006 06:01


To mcallister, phloe and anyone else who want to get on the getDaySuffix() band wagon:





There are already functions to do this. All you really have to do is: 





<?php echo date("jS", mktime(0,0,0,1,$myDay,2006)); ?>





Obviously, the only part of mktime that really matters is $myDay.

Moritz Stoltenburg
22-Jul-2006 07:54


In response to the note supplied by "segfault nycap rr com".



Here is a quicker and easier way:



Use the MySQL Time Function TIME_FORMAT() in your query:



mysql> SELECT TIME_FORMAT('14:35:00', '%l:%i %p');



Or try '%l' in PHP, it works on most systems and is part of the Open Group specification of strftime().



<?php



echo strftime('%l:%M %p', strtotime('14:35:00'));



?>

andy at yatescentral dot com
16-May-2006 05:47


When using strftime to generate time stamps for inclusion in  RSS feeds, be sure to use %z for the timezone (RFC-822 format) rather than %Z -- for some reason, %Z fails to validate.

posenato at sciNO dot univrSPAM dot it
15-May-2006 08:37


To partialy correct Neo's on RFC 850 date...





RFC 850 is obsolete by RFC 1036.





In HTTP header, RFC 1123 is the first choice: it has a fixed length format and 4 digits year.





Therefore, the correct format is: 





gmstrftime ("%a, %d %b %Y %T %Z", time ());





Output example: Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT





[red. Use date(DATE_RFC850, time()); instead. (Or DATE_RFC1123 or DATE_RFC1036)]

Jon Keating
18-Jan-2006 02:49


Under windows if you are using Japanese version, you must use the following code:



setlocale(LC_ALL, "Japanese_Japan.20932") for EUC

setlocale(LC_ALL, "Japanese_Japan.932") for SJIS



I found the following page that helped me with this issue:

http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=8329

php at REMOVEMEkennel17 dot co dot uk
20-Dec-2005 01:29


To correct an error in the above list of formatting codes:



%p - either `AM' or `PM' according to the given time value, or the corresponding strings for the current locale (note result is in capitals)

%P - either `am' or `pm' according to the given time value, or the corresponding strings for the current locale (note result is in lower case)



In addition, the following codes seem to return a value on my system (Linux, Apache/1.3.33, PHP/4.4.1), but are not documented above.  I have included the result given by passing them to gmstrftime() with a timestamp of 0 (unix epoch).  gmstrftime() was used to avoid timezone/DST differences.



%F: "1970-01-01" (appears to be an SQL-formatted version of the date)

%k: "0" (seems to be the hour in 24-hour clock, without leading zeros (space-padded))

%l: "12" (seems to be the hour in 12-hour clock, without leading zeros (space-padded))

%s: "-3600" 



%s seems to be the Unix timestamp passed to the function, but somehow based on the current locale/TZ settings (even in gmstrftime()).  

On my system strftime("%H:%M:%S", 0) returns "01:00:00", and strftime("%s", 0) returns "0".  Using gmstrftime() I get "00:00:00" and "-3600" respectively.

jw at jwscripts dot com
29-May-2005 03:32


The following function implements the conversion specifiers which are not supported on Win32 platforms:



(Note: the specifiers %V, %G and %g can be implemented using other functions described in this section)



<?php



function strftime_win32($format, $ts = null) {

    if (!$ts) $ts = time();



    $mapping = array(

        '%C' => sprintf("%02d", date("Y", $ts) / 100),

        '%D' => '%m/%d/%y',

        '%e' => sprintf("%' 2d", date("j", $ts)),

        '%h' => '%b',

        '%n' => "\n",

        '%r' => date("h:i:s", $ts) . " %p",

        '%R' => date("H:i", $ts),

        '%t' => "\t",

        '%T' => '%H:%M:%S',

        '%u' => ($w = date("w", $ts)) ? $w : 7

    );

    $format = str_replace(

        array_keys($mapping),

        array_values($mapping),

        $format

    );



    return strftime($format, $ts);

}



?>

patrick at codeministry dot dk
20-Apr-2005 11:50


For freebsd user:



You can find the full list of your locale under /usr/share/locale.

For example da_DK.ISO8859-1 under this directory will set up the locale to danish.

bohac at smartcat dot cz
19-Mar-2005 07:36


i had to use the czech representation of time on unix machine, running debian and linux version of apache with php 4





for me the best solution was to use this code:





<?php


     setlocale(LC_ALL, 'cs_CZ.iso88592');


?>





then you can do everything in czech language with correct iso-8859-2 encoding ;D

Aaron
25-Jan-2005 10:10


%k will give you %H (hour, 24-hour clock) with the leading zero replaced by a space.  I have only tested this on one linux system so far, it may not work on windows or other linux builds.

michiel1978 at hotmail dot com
06-Oct-2004 11:31


As said in these comments, Windows strftime() doesn't support %e. However, to achieve a similar effect (not 100%) you can use %#d. The # flag will remove the leading zero, so you do get single digits, but without the space that would be added by %e in other environments.

neo at gothic-chat d0t de
25-Jun-2004 08:27


To get a RFC 850 date (used in HTTP) of the current time:



gmstrftime ("%A %d-%b-%y %T %Z", time ());



This will get for example:

Friday 25-Jun-04 03:30:23 GMT



Please note that times in HTTP-headers _must_ be GMT, so use gmstrftime() instead of strftime().

adan at cr72 dot com
10-Jun-2004 01:48


For Spanish:


<?php


setlocale(LC_ALL, "sp");


echo strftime("%d. %B %Y");


?>

vminarik at ips-ag dot cz
10-Sep-2001 03:02


Note that setting LC_TIME is not enough for some locales under Windows, e.g. Czech, because there are some characters not contained in default (US) character set like '�' (c with hook), '�' (r with hook).








If you run Apache as regular application and have set your locale to Czech (ControlPanel/RegionalOptions), there is no problem and 'September' is correctly translated as 'z���', 'Thursday' as '�tvrtek'.


But if you run Apache as service, you get 'z�r�', and 'ctvrtek'.


To get things work as you expect you must set LC_CTYPE beside LC_TIME, or set LC_ALL.





<?php


  $locale = 'Czech_Czech.1250';


  $res = setlocale( 'LC_CTYPE', $locale); //important


  $res = setlocale( 'LC_TIME', $locale);


  echo strftime( '%A %m. %B %Y', mktime( 0,0,0,9,6,2001));


?>

verdy_p at wanadoo dot fr
22-Jul-2001 02:33


Beware of '%D':


the comment shown expects that this is the same as '%m/%d/%y'.





This is wrong: '%D' is only expected to returned an abbreviated numeric date according to the current locale:


In the German locale '%D' is '%y.%m.%d'


In the French locale '%D' is '%d/%m/%y'





The locale rules still apply to %D as with '%A'...





Beware that some C libraries do not support '%D' and/or '%A'  or do not support them accordingly. Using strftime() is then system-dependant, because PHP use the C function provided by the system on which it runs.

spamyenot at example dot com
18-Jul-2001 08:09


Solaris 2.6 and 7 define the


%u specifier differently than noted here. Day 1 is Sunday, not Monday. Solaris 8 gets it right.





Jim

zmajeed at cup dot hp dot com
23-Jul-1999 12:14


Locale names are OS dependent. HP-UX 11.0, for example, has three


German locales, de_DE.roman8, de_DE.iso88591, and 


de_DE.iso885915@euro.


The command locale -a will display all available locales on a system.





So on HP-UX, to get German dates: 


setlocale("LC_TIME", "de_DE.roman8");


print(strftime("%A\n"));

add a note

strptime

mktime

Last updated: Fri, 05 Sep 2008